and a short description for
each network.
Table 1. The CGPS sub-networks.
Network name Short background
CHIL University of Iceland, University of Arizona, and IMO
Hekla Penn State University and IMO
ISGPS IMO and foreign associates
NICE ETH, Zürich and IMO
Savoie University of Savoie and IMO
Semi-CGPS University of Iceland, University of Savoie, and IMO
1.6 Other networks
Table 2/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2011/2011_005.pdf
after 20–30 iterations,
although total stabilisation can take more than 100 iterations.
Fig. 2 shows two directed graphs of the Fuzzy Cognitive Map and
the development of the values of state vector A for the first 30
iterations. The right-hand side graph has one additional
relationship e23 = 0.5.
2.5. Interpretation of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
All input and output of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map is semi/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
Scientific experts (geosciences,
economics, sociology, psychology)
Farmers
Industry
Road and railway owners
Water supplier
Mitigation/adaptation consultants
The general public
Consultation
Expert elicitation (DELPHI
method), in-depth
interviews,
Semi-structured
Interviews, focus groups
(group model building)
Phone and mail surveys
2
4 Proposal
/media/loftslag/Group5-Participation_stages.pdf
Flugskýrsla TF-SIF
12. desember 2010
Flug nr. 117410.025
Áhöfn:
Flugstjóri Hafsteinn Heiðarsson
Flugmaður Jakob Ólafsson
Flugmaður 2 / Þjálfunarfl.
Yfirstýrimaður Auðunn F. Kristinsson
Stýrimaður Gunnar Örn Arnarson
Stýrimaður
Stýrimaður
Aðrir 9 farþegar, 4 til Akureyrar en 5 með allt flugið.
Flugtími:
Flugvöllur Hreyfing Flugtak Flugvöllur Lending
/media/hafis/skyrslur_lhg/Isskyrsla_20101212.pdf
of IMO):
Monthly samples of precipitation for the Icelandic Radiation Protection Institute for measurements of radioactivity
Stórhöfði in the Westman Islands:
Weekly samples of precipitation to measure heavy metals
Semi-monthly samples of aerosols to measure heavy metals
Stórhöfði in the Westman Islands:
Semi-monthly samples of air and precipitation for analysis of persistent organic pollutants
/pollution-and-radiation/pollution/components/
the present and how plausible is it?)
o Relevance (to end users; are concerns addressed?)
Background information
Example 1a: www.millenniumassessment.org
Example 1b: www.eururalis.eu; www.cluemodel.nl
Example 2&3: www.environment.fi/syke/scenes
Further reading:
Kok. K. 2009. The potential of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for semi-quantitative scenario development, with an example from Brazil. Global
/media/loftslag/Kok_2-scenarios-lecture-2.pdf
m
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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
From top-down to interactive economic assessments – example Finland
Adriaan Perrels1, Tony Rosqvist2, Hanna Virta1
1. Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI; 2. Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT
email address: adriaan.perrels@fmi.fi
Finland started to assess possible economic impacts of climate change as part of the so-called SILMU
program1 from 1992 to 1995. In that time it was still
/media/loftslag/NONAM_Perrels_ea_-_From_top-down_to_integrated_economic_assessment.pdf
Assessment Re-
port (AR4).
Topic 1 summarises observed changes in climate and their ef-
fects on natural and human systems, regardless of their causes, while
Topic 2 assesses the causes of the observed changes. Topic 3 pre-
sents projections of future climate change and related impacts un-
der different scenarios.
Topic 4 discusses adaptation and mitigation options over the
next few decades
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf