developed during the second scenario workshop (WS2) did not include any original GEO-4
text, except for Economy First. WS2 stories contained largely new material reecting the view of the subgroups. Additionally, the
title of each story was changed, indicating the increased ownership of the stakeholders. The nal scenarios were entitled: Economy
First (EcF), Policy Rules (PoR), Fortress Europe (FoE
/media/loftslag/Kok_et_al._TFSC_published_2011.pdf
sulphate,
organic carbon, blackcarbon, nitrate and dust) together produce a
cooling effect, with a total direct radiative forcing of -0.5 [-0.9 to
-0.1] W/m2 and an indirect cloud albedo forcing of -0.7 [-1.8 to
-0.3] W/m2. Aerosols also influence precipitation. {WGI 2.4, 2.9, 7.5,
SPM}
In comparison, changes in solar irradiance since 1750 are esti-
mated to have caused a small radiative forcing
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Time
Main assortments
l l d Energy biomassSaw ogs Pu pwoo
Small trees Residues Stumps
5
Use of biomass based energy in Finland
Pellets
1% (0.5 Mm3)
S d tForest residues
and small trees
used as chips
9% (3.4 Mm3)
aw us
9% (3.4
Mm3)
Black liquorTraditional
Energy biomass
46 TWh (55%) qu45% (18 Mm3)firewood
15% (6 Mm3)
Bark
21% (8.4 Mm3)
Energy biomass: 20% of the primary energy production
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
deformation and seismicity preceding
the eruption that began 19 March 2021.
a) Model of deformation 24 February – 19 March, showing horizontal
displacements as arrows and vertical displacements with a colour
scale. The red line shows the location of the dyke and the
broken black line shows the central axis of
the plate boundary
b) Hourly earthquake rate (blue) and cumulative number of earthquakes
/about-imo/news/fagradalsfjall-eruption-unusual-in-many-ways-compared-to-other-eruptions
deformation and seismicity preceding
the eruption that began 19 March 2021.
a) Model of deformation 24 February – 19 March, showing horizontal
displacements as arrows and vertical displacements with a colour
scale. The red line shows the location of the dyke and the
broken black line shows the central axis of
the plate boundary
b) Hourly earthquake rate (blue) and cumulative number of earthquakes
/about-imo/news/fagradalsfjall-eruption-unusual-in-many-ways-compared-to-other-eruptions/
compared with current
thinning regime, increased thinning thresholds
enhanced carbon stocks in Finland under current and
changing climate. This also enhanced timber
production during 2040-2069 (2nd period) and energy
wood production at final felling during 2040-2069
and 2070-2099 (3rd period).
Results
Contact info
The ecosystem model - Sima (Kellomäki et al., 1992a,
b; Kolström, 1998) was used
/media/ces/CES_BioFuels_Flyer_new.pdf
that occur between the gases and the local environment. The highest concentrations in magmatic gases are water vapor
(H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2),
hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Other minor gases include sulfur (S2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), methane
(CH4), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and hydrogen
bromide (HBr). Many other
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/volcanic-gases/
24th September - 3rd October 2013. Black stars are earthquakes over 3 in magnitude off the firth of Eyjafjörður in 2013. The black and white spheres are solutions for a few of the 2013 quakes, all showing right-hand movement in concordance with the right lateral transform zone of the Húsavík-Flatey fault (HFF) shown by arrows off Flateyjarskagi. The broad arrows at the upper section of the map
/about-imo/news/bigimg/2760
and orange dots. Older earthquakes are marked by gray dots (December 2009 - March 2010). The grey stars mark the eruption sites, the new one to the west. Black triangles are seismometers and a black square is a GPS meter. An earthquake size 3 is marked by a red star.
News
2023
/about-imo/news/bigimg/1865