drainage
works, and land-cover and land-use change.
Two other (sometimes indistinguishable)
challenges to stationarity have been exter-
nally forced, natural climate changes and
low-frequency, internal variability (e.g., the
Atlantic multidecadal oscillation) enhanced
by the slow dynamics of the oceans and ice
sheets (2, 3). Planners have tools to adjust
their analyses for known human distur-
bances
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
part of Upper Tisza. Based on data from EM-DAT:
The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database 2008
1 For a disaster to be entered into the Emergency Events Database
(EM-DAT) at least one of the following criteria must be fulfilled: (1)
Ten or more people reported killed; (2) Hundred people reported
affected; (3) Declaration of a state of emergency; (4) Call for
international assistance (From: EM
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
Assessment Re-
port (AR4).
Topic 1 summarises observed changes in climate and their ef-
fects on natural and human systems, regardless of their causes, while
Topic 2 assesses the causes of the observed changes. Topic 3 pre-
sents projections of future climate change and related impacts un-
der different scenarios.
Topic 4 discusses adaptation and mitigation options over the
next few decades
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
-time and
detects signal characteristics similar to previously observed eruptions using a three-fold
detection procedure based on: 1) an amplitude threshold; 2) the signal-to-noise ratio; and 3) an
emergent ramp-like shape. Data from six Icelandic eruptions was used to assess and tune the
module, which can provide 10–15 minutes of warning for Hekla up to over two hours of
warning for some other
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
m
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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
an over-
all picture (67 sites of varying runoff area sizes) of the changes in
floods by 2010–2039 and 2070–2099 using conceptual hydrologi-
cal modelling and several climate scenarios and (2) estimating
the consequent changes in flood inundation at four selected settle-
ments using 2D hydraulic modelling. A further goal is (3) to outline
climate change effects regionally as well as in different types
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf