model. Our estimates are derived from a) three
pairs of photographs from 1891 and
2011, b) geomorphological field evidence delineating the maximum glacier extent at the end
of the Little Ice Age, and c) the high-resolution digital elevation model from 2010–2011. The
historical photographs of Frederick W.W. Howell from 1891 were taken at the end of the
Little Ice Age in Iceland, thus providing
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