stage
)Suppor
t
an
d
ski
lls
n
ee
de
d
Har
e
et
a
l.
(2003
)
X
X
An
aly
se
lin
ks
be
tw
ee
n
participator
y
structur
e
an
d
proces
s
implementatio
n
Ba
rr
et
ea
u
et
a
l.
(2010
)
X
X
X
Pr
o
vid
e
cle
ar
de
sc
rip
tio
n
o
fproces
s
(m
an
ag
e
ex
pe
ct
at
io
n
s);
monitorin
g
an
d
evaluatio
n
Bot
s
an
d
va
n
Daale
n
(2008
)
X
X
X
X
X
Su
pp
o
rt
pr
o
ce
ss
de
sig
n
Ad
ap
te
d
fra
m
ew
o
rk
u
se
d
in
th
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
of
fu tu re clim ate,
hydro lo gic al m o del or
wind m odel.
Conse quen c e
catego ry
Like lih ood of
th e
consequ ence s
to the e ne rgy
pr od uc tion
R isk r educ tio n
/ con trol /
po tential
D istribution
netw ork
P ow er
p lan t
En erg y sour ce,
(e.g . catchme nt
area , pe at or
b iomass
prod uctio n area )
Like lihood
of th e
phen om ena
Sc en arios and
Ph enom ena
/media/ces/Keranen_Jaana_CES_2010.pdf
and its
results
Policy makers and scientists may
agree that its great, but at the
operational management level
there are problems
Sources: personal experience, Borowski and Hare (2007), Hare (2011), others
1. Competent authorities’reluctance
−Lack of knowledge about Participatory Management
−Participation = information provision
−Participation undertaken by PR department
−Fear of high costs
/media/loftslag/Hare_2-participation.pdf
temperature (TASMIN), and daily
precipitation (PR).
2.2 Domain and spatial resolution
The area around Iceland is of primary importance in this study. The exact location of the
Iceland domain differs between papers but it is normally considered as the area between 60°-
70°N and 10°-30°W (e.g. Schneidereit et al., 2007, and Nawri and Björnsson, 2010). Here
we use this definition. More than 70
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
while accounting for rigidity of supply in transport systems
Default
effect
S0 – S1
Remaining effect after
counter measure S0 – S1*
Loss for consumer without measure:
(p1 – p0) . Q1 + (p1 – p0) .(Q1-Q0)/2
Loss for consumer after measure:
negligible
Source:
Nurmi and Perrels, 2011 (forthcoming)
G
en
er
al
is
ed
tra
ns
po
rt
co
st
/km
pr
ox
y
Traffic volume
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 27
Example
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
the event than in the previous eruption, but more lava is being extruded.
At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km long towards northeast. The thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow about 1000 m3 pr second.
Approximately 500 earthquakes were detected in the area and smaller than before. The strongest earthquake, M3.8 was in the Bárðarbunga caldera. Poor weather conditions prevail
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000
It
was detected on Míla´s web-camera at 05:51 AM. Fewer earthquakes seem to follow
the event than in the previous eruption, but more lava is being extruded.
At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km long towards northeast. The
thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow about 1000 m3 pr second.
Approximately 500 earthquakes were detected in the area and smaller than before
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_August-events.pdf
the event than in the previous eruption, but more lava is being extruded.
At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km long towards northeast. The thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow about 1000 m3 pr second.
Approximately 500 earthquakes were detected in the area and smaller than before. The strongest earthquake, M3.8 was in the Bárðarbunga caldera. Poor weather conditions prevail
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000/
:sho
rt
term
;L
:lon
g
ter
m
Sp
at
ia
lS
co
pe
:
L:
lo
ca
liz
ed
;W
:
w
id
es
pr
ea
d
Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change
Possible adaptation measures Adaptation options to increasing wet conditions during
autumn, winter and spring include improved drainage of agricultural fields (renewing tile
drains) and conversion of agricultural land with risk of inundation to perennial energy crops
(e.g. willow
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf