a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
the validity of the ideal gas law, hydrostatic
balance, a piecewise linear vertical gradient of air temperature, and neglecting the effects of water
vapour. Pressure, p, as a function of height can then be derived through vertical integration of the
hydrostatic balance equation, and is given by
p(h(x;y);z) = p0 exp
g
R
Z h(x;y)+z
0
dx
T (x )
; (5)
where p0 is pressure at mean sea level, T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
of possible future scenarios may identify the weakest
links within the system, and help define and prioritize mitigation efforts to minimize floodings.
References
Bates, B., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Wu, S., & Palutikof, J. (Eds.). (2008). Climate Change and Water. Technical
Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC Secretariat.
Jónas Elíasson. (1999). The deriviation of IDF
/media/loftslag/Abstract_Impacts_of_Climate_Change_on_Stormwater_Systems_in_Reykjavik.pdf
; fax: +358 20 490 2590.
E-mail address: Noora.Veijalainen@ymparisto.fi (N. Veijalainen).
Journal of Hydrology 391 (2010) 333–350
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Hydrology
journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / jhydrol
Author's personal copy
narios from GCMs or RCMs, and with different emission scenarios
(e.g. Menzel et al., 2006; Minville et al., 2008; Prudhomme and Da
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
were carried out to obtain the flow and
sliding parameters for Hoffellsjökull that resulted in a good
simulation of the observed 20th century evolution of the
glacier geometry. The obtained values for the rate factor
and the sliding parameter are A= 4.6× 10−15 s−1 kPa−3 and
C = 10× 10−15 m a−1 Pa−3, respectively.
The ice divide is kept at a fixed location in the model com-
putations presented here
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
frequency distributions for Re-
gion 1 derived with index flood model no. 6: bµ(D) = a(AP=Z)b ............................ 39
5
Appendix VI - Empirical and modeled daily flood frequency distributions for
Region 2 derived with index flood model no. 3: bµ(D) = a(APm)b ......................... 41
Appendix VII - Instantaneous Index flood models for Region 1. .......................... 43
Appendix VIII
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
An individual who switches from the (18,2) unequal distribution to the (zi , zi )
egalitarian distribution prefers (18,2) over (zi−1, zi−1) but (zi , zi ) over (18,2). The value
zi represents the decision number minus one (as in decision 1, zi = 0) of the first decision in
which the agent chooses the egalitarian distribution. This individual is therefore indifferent
between the (18,2) unequal
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
- nitrate reduction in underground medium medium large large large
Model technical uncertainty
- numerical approximation small small medium small
- bugs in software medium medium small
SUM:
Importance Type of uncertainty
Error propagation
Box 1 Error propagation rules using standard deviation (σ )
Addition and Subtraction: z = x + y + .. or z = x - y - ..
..)()( 22 ++= yxz σσσ
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_2-uncertainty.pdf
Council on Water Resources, Carbondale, IL,
1998).
12. K. E. Schilling, E. Z. Stakhiv, in Global Change and Water
Resources Management (Water Resources Update No.
112, Universities Council on Water Resources,
Carbondale, IL, 1998).
13. J. R. Stedinger, D. Pei, T. A. Cohn, Water Resour. Res. 21,
665 (1985).
14. Z. W. Kundzewicz, L. Somlyódy, Water Resour. Manage.
11, 407 (1997).
15. P. C. D. Milly, K
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf