for melt (Qm) is calculated as follows:
Qm = (1 − α)Sin + C0 + C1Ta (2)
Where α is the albedo for the surface (three fixed albedo values are applied: snow = 0.8, firn
= 0.55 and ice = 0.42), Ta is in ◦C and C0 +C1Ta is the sum of the longwave radiation balance
and the turbulent exchange (Oerlemans, 2001). C1 is set to 10 Wm−2 K−1 (Oerlemans, 2001)
and C0 is tuned to −45 Wm−2 K−1. Accumulation equals
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
Since
Thursday the tremor had been intermittent. Today, Monday 30 May, it
has been confirmed by the participants of Iceland Glaciological
Society's spring expedition that the eruption has ended.
The end of the Grímsvötn eruption is set to 7 UTC Saturday morning
28 May 2011.
/media/jar/Grimsvotn_status_2011-05-30_IES_IMO.pdf
the set-
tlement, glaciers were smaller than at present. They started
to advance in the 13th century at the onset of the Little Ice
Age that lasted until late 19th century when most glaciers in
Iceland reached their maximum extent. In the 20th century,
the climate was significantly warmer than during the Little
Ice Age, with higher temperatures in the period 1930–1945
and again at the end
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
).
a71
There are other stakeholders who may need
to be involved in the design and then in the
participation process itself.
a71
There is a set of contextual factors that need
to be taken into consideration when designing
the participation plan. These can include
existing levels of conflict among stakeholders,
their previous experiences with participation,
relevant legal or regulatory settings
/media/loftslag/vonKorff_etal-2010.pdf
-
work. The second half of the article discusses the potential for participatory modelling to progress from being a
mainly research-driven activity in the water sector to one being adopted for widespread use by water managers.
By widespread adoption I mean that participatory modelling becomes mainstream in the sector and that managers
set up their own organizing teams, independent of researchers
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
-
elled using precipitation data southwest of the gla-
cier. Results from the model compared well with re-
ported mass balance values for the period 1949–
2006, obtained correlations (r) for bw and bs varied
between 0.83 and 0.87 depending on model set up.
Reconstruction of the mass balance series for the
period 1924/1925–1948/1949 suggested a cumula-
tive mass deficit of c. 30 m w.e. mainly due
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
www.sciencemag.or
g
Downloaded from
1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
A heatwave in Iceland
New absolute maximum temperature record in Reykjavík
31.7.2008
During the the last week of July, Iceland experienced a rare heatwave. It culminated on 30 July, when new records were set. The maximum temperature in Reykjavík
/about-imo/news/nr/1362
new wind records since automatic measurements began in town in 2002.
At Stórhöfði, the famous synoptic weather station located on Heimaey island's southern tip, the automatic weather station recorded wind-speed* of 44.6 m/s and gusts of 52.7 m/s, the highest since it was set up in 2004. However, that time-span is short compared to 90 years of manned observation at Stórhöfði.
New records were
/about-imo/news/nr/1732