38.1, W19º 26.4; on the northeast shoulder of the volcano at an elevation of about 1000 m. It was observed from air from 4-7 A.M. on March 21st. Lava flows short distance from the eruptive site, and minor eruption plume at elevation less than 1 km was deflected by wind to the west. Little later the plume was recorded on animated radar images.
Volcanic explosive index is 1 or less. Tephra fall
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/1852
³) in Reydarfjordur (1000 µ/m³) and in Jokuldal (7800 µ/m³).
Air quality:
Today (Tuesday), there is a risk of gas pollution southwest of the eruption site. Tomorrow (Wednesday) gas pollution
is expected south and southwest of the volcano.
The Icelandic Met Office provides two-day forecasts on gas dispersion from the eruptive site in Holuhraun. Most
reliable are the forecast maps approved my
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20150113.pdf
et
al
.(
200
4)
21
.Explici
tconsideratio
n
o
funcertaint
y
(relate
dt
o
CC
impacts
)
Uncertaintie
s
ar
e
no
t
glosse
d
ove
r
bu
tcommunicate
d
(in
fina
lreports
,orally
)
Diet
z
et
al
.(
200
3),
Brugnac
h
et
al
.(
200
8)
Researcher
s
ar
e
willin
g
to
tal
k
wit
h
stakeholder
s
abou
tuncertaintie
s
Diet
z
et
al
.(
200
3),
Brugnac
h
et
al
.(
200
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22
.Broa
d
communicatio
n
(on
CC
impacts
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
] 1000 1006 1012
T0 [ C] 1 5 9
LT [K km 1] 7.1 6.3 5.1
L [K km 1] 2.6 5.7 7.9
within that part of the island with terrain up to 1000 m above mean sea level (mASL). The expo-
nential decrease in pressure with height outweighs the linear decrease in temperature, leading to
an effective decrease in air density with height. The standard value of 1.225 kg m 3 is therefore
only appropriate at low
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
but are considered for climatological anal-
yses only if their centre depression on the 1000 hPa geopotential height field reaches at least 20
m relative to the 24 surrounding grid points over the course of their lifetime.
7
This study is concerned with well-developed, persistent, mid- to high-latitude large-scale weather
systems, rather than their early detection and tracking. Therefore, cyclones
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
erations
which will be
done to protect
against th e
phenome na a nd
its
conse quenc es
The
consequenc es
of the
phenom ena to
the distribution
network
T he
con seque nc
es of the
phe nom ena
to the
pow er
plant
The conse quence s
of the phe nomena
to e nerg y sourc e
and its usability
Probability
according
to IP CC
2007
Phe nom ena acco rding
to regional scena rio
/media/ces/Keranen_Jaana_CES_2010.pdf
from 9°C on the east coast to 16°C in the interior in
north-eastern part of Iceland. Precipitation is highest in the glaciated
highlands of south Iceland with annual values in excess of 5000 mm of annual
accumulated precipitation on the highest glaciers and in general with high
values ranging from 1000 mm up to 3000 mm in mountainous areas. Lower values
with less than 1000 mm prevail north
/climatology/iceland/climate-report
from 9°C on the east coast to 16°C in the interior in
north-eastern part of Iceland. Precipitation is highest in the glaciated
highlands of south Iceland with annual values in excess of 5000 mm of annual
accumulated precipitation on the highest glaciers and in general with high
values ranging from 1000 mm up to 3000 mm in mountainous areas. Lower values
with less than 1000 mm prevail north
/climatology/iceland/climate-report/