of the analogue method is introduced. In Section 3 hydrological and me-
teorological data used in the analysis are presented. Section 4 describes the different strategies
considered for implementing the method and Section 5 presents some results. Some concluding
remarks are made in Section 6.
2 The analogue method
Let X(t) be a state of a dynamical system at time t, known through the observation of k variables
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/VI_2013_008.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Tornado_Impacts_-_FMI_Presentation.pdf
model
regional projections.
• Development of multiple 50-km regional
climate scenarios for use in impacts
assessments.
• Evaluation of regional model performance
over North America.
www.narccap.ucar.edu
50-km Grid
GFDL CGCM3 HADCM3 CCSM
MM5 X X1
RegCM X1** X
CRCM X1** X
HADRM X X1
RSM X1 X
WRF X X1
Red = run completed
Drawbacks of dynamical downscaling
• Requires postprocessing for bias
/media/ces/Lettenmaier_Dennis_CES_2010pdf.pdf
– observed and simulated changes in global mean
temperature
• Pattern scaling approach
– changes in mean climate and variability assumed to be
proportional to the change in global mean temperature
Regression coefficients of winter mean
temperature: how much is climate on the average
simulated to change per 1°C of global warming?
XX
Helsinki (60ºN, 25ºE): On average, the mean winter temperature
/media/ces/RaisanenJouni_CES_2010.pdf
and objective
CES Conference, Oslo 31.5.-2.6.2010
Study area
• Two study areas sized 100 x 100 km located in
north-eastern (NE) and south-western (SW) part
of Finland
• Climatologically different zones:
• NE:
• between middle- and north-boreal zones
• continental climate
• SW:
• between hemi- and south-boreal zones
• maritime influence
• Past and future monthly precipitation sums in
May-September
/media/ces/TietavainenHanna_CES_2010.pdf
This is also the case with
cyclones in all three sectors. Cyclones in the eastern or western sector are also strongly affected
by the presence of central cyclones. In both sectors, cyclones tend to move east, unless there are
cyclones in the neighbouring sector, in which case pressure tendencies are reversed.
21
Figure 10. Composite mean temporal MSLP tendencies, for different MSLP modes. Com-
posite mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
/lexuriserv/lexuriserv.do?uri=com:2007:0002:FIN:EN:PDF, 13
April 2009.
[2] WTO, World Tourism Organization (2008): “Climate Change and Tourism -
Responding to Global Challenges”, UNWTO, 9 July 2008, Madrid, Spain.
Available at:
http://www.unwto.org/media/news/en/press_det.php?id=1411&idioma=E, 7
March 2010.
[3] Mooney, J.E. y Miller, M.L. (2009): “Climate change: Creating demand for
sustainable
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
in estimating the height of the plume. At this time, the plume reached heights of 8 - 12 km.
During the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, the weather radar proved to be a very useful tool, but the great distance to the eruption site (160 km) reduced the quality of the data. Therefore, a mobile X-band weather radar was purchased, but while this custom made radar was being assembled and tested, another
/about-imo/news/nr/2183