Útreikningarnir eru í
2,5 x 2,5 km neti á 1 klukkustundar fresti fyrir tímabilið september 1979 til desember 2016.
Einnig eru notaðar sjálfvirkar úrkomumælingar frá 49 stöðvum sem allar hafa mælt samfellt í
yfir 10 ár. Í báðum tilvikum er um daggildi að ræða, þ.e. uppsafnaða úrkomu frá miðnætti til
miðnættis. Í næmniathugunum eru mælingar frá 12 stöðvum, svokölluðum kjarnastöðvum,
skoðaðar
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
is first derived (Figure 3, left). The cumulative area distribution function S(s) (shown
on the x-axis) represents total area of all glaciers with area less than s (shown on the y-axis
of the figure). Typically, the total glaciated area and an estimate of the area of a few of the
TóJ 4 5.12.2009
Memo
a71
a71a71
a71
Area (km2)
Volume
(km
3 )
10 103 105 107
1
10
2
10
4
106
Icelandic ice caps, v
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
-2008: 1-2%
2010: 3-4%
Probability distribution of winter mean
temperature in Helsinki: 1961-2008 vs. 2010
How frequently at least as
cold as in winter 2009-10
(-7.4°C)?
1961-2008: 14%
2010: 6%
+
1
.
3
°
C
-
7
.
4
°
C
Probability distribution of winter mean T
in Helsinki: the best-estimate future?
+
1
.
3
°
C
-
7
.
4
°
C
How frequently at least as
mild as 2007-08 (+1.3°C)?
1961-2008: 1-2
/media/ces/RaisanenJouni_CES_2010.pdf
The Netherlands
123
Reg Environ Change (2010) 10:263–284
DOI 10.1007/s10113-009-0108-6
On a global scale, the number of disasters caused by
weather-related phenomena such as storms, floods, and
droughts has more than doubled over the past decade, from
175 in 1996 to 391 in 2005 (IFRC 2008). The same trend
(Fig. 1) is being observed in the case-studies under inves-
tigation, which is Rivierenland
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
CES Conference, Oslo 31.5.-2.6.2010
Data and Methods
3 observational data sets
FMI grid
• Longest and highest-
resolution data set
• Observed monthly
precipitation
• 1908-2008
• 10x10 km grid size
E-OBS 2.0 (Haylock et al.)
• Monthly values calculated
from daily values
• 1961-2000
• 0.25 degree grid
CRU TS2.1 (Mitchell and Jones)
• Global monthly data
• 1961-2000
• 0.5 degree grid
CES
/media/ces/TietavainenHanna_CES_2010.pdf
in estimating the height of the plume. At this time, the plume reached heights of 8 - 12 km.
During the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, the weather radar proved to be a very useful tool, but the great distance to the eruption site (160 km) reduced the quality of the data. Therefore, a mobile X-band weather radar was purchased, but while this custom made radar was being assembled and tested, another
/about-imo/news/nr/2183