2. Top: Average fields of surface wind speed in winter (DJF) and summer (JJA),
based on the ERA-40 reanalysis. Bottom: Differences in surface wind speed between the
ERA-Interim and ERA-40 reanalyses.
in a simple manner related to terrain elevation, with negative values over the Alps, but positive
and negative values across the East European Plain.
Surface (2-m) air temperature differences between
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
supply (Wm) (1961-2014)
Normalized mean monthly input water supply (NW ( j); j = 1; ::;12) (1961-2014)
13
Daily precipitation was split into rain or snow according to a temperature threshold. A simple
temperature-index melt model that relates air temperature to snow and ice melt rates was used to
estimate the snowpack evolution and glacier melt. Input water supply (W ) was estimated as the
sum
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
of the Seismogenic Crust in
Iceland and its Implications for Geothermal Systems. Proceedings of the World
Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24–29 April 2005.
Boatwright, J. (1980). A spectral theory for circular seismic sources; simple estimates of
source dimension, dynamic stress drop, and radiated seismic energy. Bull. Seism. Soc.
Am.,70, no 1, 1–27.
Brune, J. N. (1970). Tectonic
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_013.pdf
with barren ground would likely increase the negative radiation balance in winter. In sum-
mer, excessive variable snow cover might be responsible for significant cold biases. However,
in winter, this possibility does not apply, since for much of the year, the interior highlands are
genuinely snow covered.
Model biases in 2-m temperature and 10-m wind speed can be significantly reduced by a simple/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
percentile of the warming exceeds 5°C in the northeastern
parts of Fennoscandia. The maps for the 95th percentile also indicate a possibility of rather
large warming (up to over 4°C) over the Bothnian Bay and the White Sea in summer. This
feature is difficult to interpret because it might be associated with the simple treatmetnt of
these water bodies in the ENSEMBLES simulations
/media/ces/D2.3_CES_Prob_fcsts_GCMs_and_RCMs.pdf
will include an assessment of whether current rules are
adequate and sufficient to maintain both the society's and individual needs.
Topics for the review discussions:
1) How should incomplete knowledge about facts (i.e. uncertainty about models, or lack of empirical data)
be treated when making decisions?
Everyone make decisions based on incomplete knowledge all the time, from the simple question
/media/loftslag/programme2---PhD-Workshop-preceding-Adaptation-Research-Conference.pdf
even though they initially don’t agree
o Realise that 100 % consensus is impossible
o Need to come to compromises (solutions)
o Planning cycle (step by step). Unable to move on, clear sign for entering learning cycle,
use outcomes for solving problem (when can all agree, when can you ignore stakeholders)
o Solutions comes from mistakes also, boundary between two cicles is not so simple/media/vedurstofan/NONAM_1st_workshop_summary_v3.pdf
simple and comprehensive models, participatory
tools etc. (Barlebo et al., 2006). In a new EU research
project NeWater (www.newater.info), a tool is defined as:
(AM). This includes a structured process of learning, dealing with complexity, uncertainty etc. We assume that it is no longer enough for
managers and tool researchers to understand the complexity and uncertainty of the outer natural system
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf