This can now be observed on the web on a graph that updates every five minutes.
At the time of writing (16:00), the level of subsidence exceeds 12 m but this represents only 10% of the expected total. In the coming days, the rate of subsidence will continue to increase. It is possible that radio contact will soon be lost with the GPS station, as subsidence will disrupt the line-of-sight for the radio
/about-imo/news/nr/3203
can run. The hazard related to lava flow is
more commonly on infrastructure, that is, damage or destruction of buildings or
other structures i.e. power line and roads. Lava flows can also close off
escape routes. Lava flows can threaten water sources due to pollution from the
magma, it can also slow down the infiltration into aquifers.
An example of damages from lava flows is the eruption
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/lava-flow/
increased.
Around March 17th, magma seems to have started to make its way upwards from the intrusion. The pipe is nearly vertical and lies below the eastern part of the ice-cap, but changes its direction at 2-3 km depth and runs approximately 4.5 km horizontally eastwards to the eruption site outside the ice margin (shown by a small, black line and a star). The relative locations show shallow
/about-imo/news/nr/1859
the cumulative seismic moment release per week (blue dots), i.e. the sum of the moment of all earthquakes in the respective week, in the left panel for the caldera and in the right panel for the dyke intrusion. The red line marks the onset of the eruption and the zero point is the beginning of the earthquake swarm on 16 August 2014. The last data point shows the current week (might still rise).
Note
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3083
erations
which will be
done to protect
against th e
phenome na a nd
its
conse quenc es
The
consequenc es
of the
phenom ena to
the distribution
network
T he
con seque nc
es of the
phe nom ena
to the
pow er
plant
The conse quence s
of the phe nomena
to e nerg y sourc e
and its usability
Probability
according
to IP CC
2007
Phe nom ena acco rding
to regional scena rio
/media/ces/Keranen_Jaana_CES_2010.pdf
curve for the glacial river Jökulsá Austari. The blue line is the average for the years 1961-1990. The red line is the average for 2001-2009. The gray area represents various scenarios for the years 2021-2050.
Effects on hydropower
According to predictions, run-off in utilized rivers will have increased by 27-84% in 2050. Which means:
The potential energy of currently utilized rivers
/about-imo/news/nr/2910
and Drangajökull ice caps.
All ice caps in Iceland have been retreating rapidly and losing volume since 1995, but in 2015 the Hofsjökull ice cap in the central highlands displayed positive mass balance. The equilibrium line altitude on the ice cap moved to a location 150 - 200 below the long-term average. This change is due to high precipitation in the winter of 2014 - 2015 and low ablation
/about-imo/news/nr/3229
variations of the Earth's magnetic field (blue), while the right part shows the predictions (red). Sometimes the graphs show estimates in between (cyan). The variations are all shown on the scale of the Kp-index, 0-9 which describes 3 hr variations of the Earth's magnetic field.
Figure 2 shows space weather predictions for today. Vertical gray line indicates the time when the graph was updated
/weather/articles/nr/2550
Grain size distribution from heimaey 1973 eruption ..................................................... …64
D. Age of vents relative to best fit line ............................................................................... …65
E. Weight-bearing capacity of homes in heimaey .............................................................. …67
F. How to contextualize the probabilities given
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_011_en.pdf
is marked by the
black line and VHM159 is the water level station at Gígjukvísl. (Map by Bogi
Brynjar Björnsson) Updated 10.10Measurements
by the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, indicate
that water has started to flow from Grímsvötn within the Vatnajökull glacier
and a glacial flood is expected in Gígjukvísl outlet river. The ice sheet has
receded by almost 3m in the last
/about-imo/news/minor-jokulhlaup-in-grimsvotn