observed in the Bárðarbunga area past 24 hours, the largest M4.6; several others over M4 and about twenty under M2 in the northern part of the intrusion.
3 November 2014 12:00 - from the Scientific Advisory Board
Conditions at Bárðarbunga are unchanged. See Notes from the meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board.
3 November 2014 10:00 - from geoscientist on duty
About 60 earthquakes have been
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3023
detected
under the northern part of the intrusion, all within 2 in size.
4 November 2014 10:00 - from geoscientist on duty
About 100 earthquakes were observed in the Bárðarbunga area past 24 hours, the largest
M4.6; several others over M4 and about twenty under M2 in the northern part of the intrusion.
3 November 2014 12:00 - from the Scientific Advisory Board
Conditions at Bárðarbunga
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_November-events.pdf
observed in the Bárðarbunga area past 24 hours, the largest M4.6; several others over M4 and about twenty under M2 in the northern part of the intrusion.
3 November 2014 12:00 - from the Scientific Advisory Board
Conditions at Bárðarbunga are unchanged. See Notes from the meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board.
3 November 2014 10:00 - from geoscientist on duty
About 60 earthquakes have been
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3023/
in the central volcano and are believed to last from a few days up to 7 months. Activity is periodic with episodes of high activity (60-80 years) with 6-11 eruptions per 40 years, alternating with low activity episodes (60-80 years) with 0-4 eruptions per 40 years. Four large effusive eruption are confirmed during the last 8000 years. The youngest one is the 1783-1784 Laki fires (Skaftáreldar in Icelandic
/volcanoes/about-volcanoes/grimsvotn/
to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (1012) per year, with an average of US$33 trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, this must be considered a minimum estimate. Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year."
Dr. Costanza is the Gordon and Lulie Gund Professor of Ecological Economics and director of the Gund Institute for Ecological Economics at the University
/about-imo/news/nr/1658
strikes have been 60 to 70 per hour, most
frequent in the ash plume south of the eruption site.
Noise: No noise from the volcano has been reported.
Meltwater: No changes in water level have been recorded in the rivers Gígja and
Núpsvötn. A heightened conductivity pulse was recorded in Núpsvötn,
peaking at around 11h. This pulse is probably due to the ash fall. Since
the eruption now
/media/jar/Grimsvotn_status_2011-05-22_IES_IMO.pdf
and
watershed scale
Statistical downscaling
Dynamical downscaling
3) Hydrological and water resources
implications -- examples
4) Weak links and the path forward
1) Projected global and regional
runoff changes
Median runoff sensitivities per degree of global warming,
from 68 model pairs – 30-year model average runoff minus
1971-2000 model average (23 models, 3 global emissions
scenarios)
51
/media/ces/Lettenmaier_Dennis_CES_2010pdf.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
www.sciencemag.or
g
Downloaded from
1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
of PGV for two events M2 and M1 with M2 > M1 simplifies to:
))((log 12
1
2
10 MMgabPGV
PGV −⋅+=⎟⎟⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎝
⎛
,
so PGV2 is greater than or equal to PGV1 when b+a·g ≥ 0; that is, g ≤ -b/a (note that a is
negative). In appendix B we show that in this case PGV2 ≥ PGV1 for not only r = 0, but for all r
≥ 0. In order to exclude PGV2 from being smaller than PGV1 – a larger event having smaller
PGV than
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf