intensi-
fication is often mentioned as one of the key solutions to
decrease the pressure on forest.
C8: Profitability. This issue includes profitability of all agricul-
tural crops. Key to the role of this factor is its potential to reduce
the demand for agricultural land, while stimulating land prices
and thus land speculation.
C9: Demand. Demand of production of all main agricultural land
uses
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
indicate magma storage in the roots
of the volcano. This is suggested by an extensive geothermal area within the
caldera.At this stage, it is difficult to forecast the next eruption
of Katla. However, before the next eruption, it is expected that IMO's monitoring
systems will detect precursory activity, such as increased seismicity, changes
in seismic patterns, inflation of the volcano, changes
/about-imo/news/100-years-since-katla-erupted
on the
homepage of the Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management .How long can the eruption last?Refraction measurements on the Reykjanes Peninsular show that the crust is in
general about 15 km thick over the whole Peninsula, and below the crust we have
the boundary of the crust and the mantle. Geophysical measurements can detect
signs of magma or magma chambers in the Earth's crust
/volcanoes/fagradalsfjall-eruption/faq/
Little seismic activity was detected in the dyke and around the eruption site in Holuhraun since Monday. It worth
noting that the storm, now going over Iceland, reduces the sensitivity of the seismograph system, making it harder
to detect small earthquakes.
GPS measurements show no changes. The subsidence towards Bardarbunga continues with similar rate as has been.
Telecommunications
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141210.pdf
power
• Studies have shown it can allow better utilisation
of networks without large investments
• Could go some way to mitigate the effects of
rising temperatures
June 2010 17
Conclusions
• Network capacity will be stretched to
accommodate new renewable generation
• Climate change introduces increased risk
of reaching thermal limits due to
temperature rises
• Dynamic rating solutions may provide
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
2010: Climate Change and Freight Transport. Publications of the Ministry of Transport
and Communications 15/2010. 98 pp. (in Finnish, abstract in English)
[6] Perrels. Adriaan, Himanen, Veli, Lee-Gosselin Martin (2008), Building Blocks for Sustainable Transport –
Obstacles, Trends, Solutions, Emerald publishers.
/media/loftslag/CASE_B__Heikki_Tuomenvirta_(FMI)_Introduction.pdf
is important to the person about a management issue
a71 the important concepts in that system
a71 and their relationships to one another (causal, structural etc.)
a108 can identify beliefs about how the system works, as well as its problems and their solutions
cognitive mapping Knowledge Elicitation
1. Individual SH cognitive maps
(Hodgson‘s hexagon modelling)
2. Scientists‘ agent-based
/media/loftslag/Hare_1_Part2.pdf
Society 2 Society 3
4
In the first case the society is conservative and prefers traditional solutions to problems. People are not
willing to accept policies that might change their lifestyle significantly. By contrast the second set of socio
economic conditions describes a society which is very flexible, meaning that both society and different
sectors are willing to explore new ways to adapt
/media/loftslag/Group2-report.pdf
on defined scenarios (Sections 3.3 and 3.6).
Individual simulations produce so-called deterministic solutions, which are then integrated to
produce the probabilistic hazard maps that are the primary results of this hazard report. The
probabilistic maps produced by integrating the deterministic simulations show how probable,
or likely, a hazard is at a given location. The interplay between
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_011_en.pdf
importance of this resource, fewer gauging and monitoring stations are operating today than in 2008.
It is crucial to improve the infrastructure in order to prevent the loss of valuable data. Especially, direct hydrological measurements must be supported.
Reference material for Iceland
Articles on hydrology
Annual articles on the climate
Early work on climatology
Past temperature conditions
/about-imo/news/nr/2910