6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
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POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
each time. Both are fully analysed to check for congruity.
Ambient air pumped for an hour into a ~10 litre aluminium container, thereby collecting a compressed sample of great volume, done weekly or semi-monthly depending on season. Various components are analysed, investigating the stability of atmospheric composition.
Twenty-four-hour samples of airborne particles blown from the sea
/pollution-and-radiation/pollution/components/
the largest in North America from 1971
square4 Watershed 177,000 km²
square4 3,000 km of new roads
square4 7 transmissions lines + 7,000 km(735 kV)
square4 9 reservoirs, total area ± 14,000 km2
square4 9 power plants : 16,500 MW
square4 +2 under construction: 17,500 MW
square4 A first and a last
A
La Grande-2 and La Grande-2A
Electricity Consumption / Capita
( kWh, 2005)
Aluminium (90
/media/ces/Demers_Claude_CES_2010.pdf
the past 2 decades. Summer ablation was found to be less than 50% of the 1995 - 2014 average.
Fig. 3 (enlarge). Ablation stake (white) near the northern margin of Hofsjökull on October 9th 2015 at a height of 980 m. A yellow indicator gives the height of the aluminium stake, whereas the red bar shows the typical stake height during years with negative mass balance. Photo: Bergur Einarsson
/about-imo/news/nr/3229
judgment and statistical analysis of a body of evidence (e.g. observations
or model results), then the following likelihood ranges are used to express the assessed probability of occurrence: virtually certain >99%;
extremely likely >95%; very likely >90%; likely >66%; more likely than not > 50%; about as likely as not 33% to 66%; unlikely <33%; very
unlikely <10%; extremely unlikely <5
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Improving groundwater representation and
the parameterization of glacial melting and
evapotranspiration in applications of the
WaSiM hydrological model within Iceland
Bergur Einarsson
Sveinbjörn Jónsson
VÍ 2010-017
Report
Improving groundwater representation and
the parameterization of glacial melting and
evapotranspiration in applications of the
WaSiM hydrological model within
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
in flooding were evaluated at 67 sites in Finland with var-
iable sizes of runoff areas using a conceptual hydrological model and 20 climate scenarios from both glo-
bal and regional climate models with the delta change approach. Floods with a 100-year return period
were estimated with frequency analysis using the Gumbel distribution. At four study sites depicting dif-
ferent watershed types
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
–conduit model for subglacial water flow was used to simulate the
jökulhlaup. The model was forced with the estimated outflow from the subglacial lake.
The simulations were not successful as a realistic subglacial pressure field could not
be obtained for a reasonable fit of the jökulhlaup discharge at the glacier terminus.
This indicates that the physical basis of the model is insufficient to provide
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf