that explicitly make use of the conceptual literature
and through that attempt to link scale and governance. Ultimately, there is a challenge to more effectively
include nonscientists in the debate. A transdisciplinary arena is required where the concepts of scale and
governance are framed such that a broad variety of stakeholders can join the debate and/or the decision
making process.
Key Words
/media/loftslag/Kok_and_Veldkamp_editorial_ES-2011-4160.pdf
rapid thinning rate for 20042007 as observed from
1998 to 2004. This is consistent with the results of our in
situ mass balance observations of the larger ice caps in
Iceland (Bjo¨rnsson & Pa´lsson 2008).
The ice thickness is not known for Tindfjallajo¨kull and
Torfajo¨kull ice caps but is roughly estimated to be on the
order of 50150 m. It is evident from the maximum
values of the ice
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf
of and barriers to high water consumption?
water
consumption
Causal Loop Modelling
(based on Vennix, 1996)
water
consumptionwastage
Causal Loop Modelling
a1081st order causes
a1082nd order causes
Causal Loop Modelling
water
consumptionwastage
environmental
awareness
water prices
a1083rd order causes
Causal Loop Modelling
water
consumptionwastage
environmental
awareness
water prices
earnings for
water
/media/loftslag/Hare_1_Part2.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
www.sciencemag.or
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1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
mission is to prevent accidents and save human lives and valuables. Extensive groups of volunteers are always available, night and day, all year round.
The webpage Safetravel is run by ICE-SAR and is part of a bigger project in which a number of companies, public institutions and individuals combine their effort in order to reduce the risk of accidents in travelling and tourism in Iceland. ICE
/about-imo/news/nr/2878
The event originates from the subglacial lake Grímsvötn. The event is expected to be small, with maximum discharge on the order of magnitude 1000 cubic meters per second. The maximum of the flood is expected to be around the end of the week.
Conductivity measurements indicate a considerable increase of geothermal contribution to the water of the river. Simultaneously, the ice on the subglacial lake
/about-imo/news/nr/2859
Rising stream- and river levels are expected on the Snæfellsnes peninsula, around the Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull ice caps, and south of the Vatnajökull ice-cap. Travellers are cautioned against fording rivers in these regions.
It is advised to check drainage and keep it clear of leaves, rubbish, ice and the like in order to prevent water damage.
The southerlies that cause these changes may
/about-imo/news/nr/3078
the area covered by the gauge.
The discharge at Eldvatn near Ásar peaked around 13:00 showing discharge of approximately 2200 m³/s. The area outside the main water channel will be flooded for coming days.
Gas measurements
Two SO2 sensors and one MultiGas have been installed in order to monitor the gas released from the glacial outburst occurring along the Skaftá river. The sensors have been
/about-imo/news/nr/3211
been also
considered.
In the coming days, it will be assessed whether it is necessary to increase the
number of monitoring stations in order to improve the capability to follow the
evolution of the events.
The next meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board will be held after a week, if
no changes occur.
The meeting was attended by scientists from the Icelandic Meteorological
Office
/about-imo/news/the-scientific-advisory-board-meets-to-discuss-the-unrest-at-mt-thorbjorn-in-the-reykjanes-peninsula
The spectacle of Aurora Borealis requires dark and partly clear skies.
IMO provides combined information on aurora activity, cloud cover, sunlight and moonlight, in order to provide aurora forecasts.
The map of Iceland shows forecast of cloud cover. Green areas are cloudy and white clear skies. Move the slider below the cloud cover maps, or click directly
/weather/articles/nr/2588